Tariffs are back in the headlines with the second Trump administration. But what do they really achieve? Who benefits from them (if anyone)? And could they end up backfiring? Stéphane Auray, Economics Professor at the French National School for Statistics and Information Analysis (ENSAI) and at Rennes Business School, has helped us clarify the situation by breaking down the key questions and answers — drawing lessons from the tariffs imposed during Trump’s first term and offering a critical look at the facts behind the political rhetoric.